Iron deficiency anaemia is a condition marked by a low red blood cell count, and it is common among women and children worldwide. Anaemia affects about 1 in 3 people, and women are at higher risk than men.
Anaemia can be difficult to diagnose, because other inflammatory conditions may hide it. An iron panel blood test is usually used to help confirm the diagnosis.
Symptoms of Anaemia
Anaemia can cause a range of symptoms, including:
- Extreme fatigue
- Recurrent headaches
- Increased breathlessness/weakness
- Pica, a compulsive eating disorder in which people consume non-food items
- Restless leg syndrome (uncontrollable urge to move legs especially when in uncomfortable positions)
Other Signs a Doctor May Find on Examination
The following signs may also be picked up during a physical examination:
- Pale complexion
- Dry rough skin and spoon shaped nails
- Anaemia tongue (swollen, inflamed tongue)
- Alopecia (hair loss)
- When routine blood investigation show that there is low haemoglobin count seen in small red blood cell
Who Is at Risk of Iron Deficiency?
Iron deficiency is more common in the following groups:
- Chronic kidney disease
- Menorrhagia (abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding)
- Electrolyte imbalance in gastrointestinal disease (heavy fluid or blood loss from piles or inflammatory bowel disease)
- Gastrointestinal malabsorption issues
Treating Anaemia
Once the cause of anaemia is investigated, there are several ways your doctor will treat the condition. They include:
- Oral iron supplements
- Foods rich in iron such as dark leafy greens and red meats and vitamin C to aid iron absorption
- Intravenous iron (for patients unresponsive to oral supplement)
- Red blood cell infusion
Key Takeaways
Anaemia can be difficult to detect, thus more tests need to be performed to determine the correct underlying cause before starting treatment. If you feel some of the symptoms are relatable to you, do considering consulting a doctor. It is essential you and your doctor have a complete examination of your history and discuss what is the best management for you.