HIV Testing

Authored By: Dr. Leonard Leng.
Last updated: 13 Aug 2024.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), which are white blood cells crucial for defending against viruses, bacteria, and other harmful microorganisms. Over time, HIV can weaken or destroy these cells, impairing the body’s ability to fight infections and diseases. If left untreated, HIV can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the advanced stage of HIV, where the immune system is severely damaged, increasing the likelihood and severity of health conditions and diseases, including cancers.

HIV spreads most commonly through unprotected sex due to contact with certain body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal, and rectal fluids. It can also be transmitted through sharing needles and from mother to child during pregnancy or breastfeeding. In Singapore, almost all HIV infections have been transmitted through sexual intercourse with an infected partner.

A HIV infection leads to the presence of antigens (components of the virus) in the blood and stimulates the production of antibodies (proteins that fight infection). HIV tests can detect both antigens and antibodies to determine if a person is infected.

Within weeks of being infected with HIV, a person can experience flu-like symptoms such as:

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Muscle aches
• Rashes
• Weight loss
• Night sweat
• Swollen lymph nodes

Once these symptoms disappear, a person may not experience symptoms for many years although the virus continues to damage the immune system and is still transmissible to others. This means people with HIV may not be aware they are infected. Over time, as the immune system weakens, more severe symptoms and infections occur, which can signal the progression to AIDS. From January to October 2023, almost half of all newly diagnosed cases of HIV in Singapore were late stage infections.

If you suspect that you have been exposed to HIV, it is strongly recommended to get tested as it is the only way to know if you are infected.

The window period, the time after being exposed to HIV till before a test can detect the infection, is between 1 and 3 months. If an initial test was done during the window period, it is recommended to get tested again after 3 months for more reliable results. Early testing is key to prompt diagnosis and treatment. Check with your chosen clinic on the types of HIV tests offered and consult your doctor if you are unsure about when you should test.

Currently, there is no cure for HIV. However, it can be effectively managed with antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Treatment for HIV involves the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), a combination of medicines that help control the virus. ART reduces the viral load in the body to undetectable levels, preventing the progression to AIDS and reducing the risk of transmission. Consistent, lifelong adherence to ART is crucial for its effectiveness. Alongside medication, regular monitoring of health and immune function, a healthy lifestyle, and supportive care are integral to managing HIV.

At ATA Medical, testing for HIV requires a blood sample which typically takes less than 30 minutes to provide at our clinics. Our prices are listed as follows:

Alternatively, we also offer the HIV Ag/Ab Screen as part of all our STD screening packages. Based on your preference, we have female or male doctors to perform the tests.