Asthma Medication

Dr. Leonard Leng of ATA Medical Singapore.

Authored By: Dr. Leonard Leng.
Last updated: Jan 16, 2025.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways in your lungs, making them inflamed and sensitive to various triggers. Without effective treatment, asthma can lead to recurring episodes of breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. Proper asthma management often requires medication to prevent and control symptoms, as well as to address acute attacks.

Young man clutching his chest while experiencing breathing difficulty outdoors, a clear depiction of asthma symptoms in a natural setting.

How Does Asthma Medication Work?

Asthma medications aim to control inflammation, open up the airways, and alleviate or prevent symptoms. Broadly, they serve two purposes:

Quick-Relief: These medications provide immediate relief during an asthma attack by relaxing the muscles around the airways.
Long-Term Control: These medications reduce airway inflammation and help prevent symptoms over time.

Types of Asthma Medications

Asthma medications are primarily delivered via inhalers, nebulisers, or oral routes. Below is an overview of the main types:

Quick-Relief Medications

Used during an asthma attack to relieve symptoms rapidly:

Medication Type	Route	How It Works
Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABA) Examples: Salbutamol, Terbutaline	Inhaled	Work by stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors in the airway muscles, causing them to relax quickly and open up the airways for immediate relief of symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath.
Anticholinergics Examples: Ipratropium	Inhaled	Block acetylcholine, a chemical that tightens airway muscles, leading to decreased airway constriction and improved airflow during an asthma attack.
Combination Inhalers	Inhaled	Combine the rapid airway-opening effect of SABAs with the sustained airway-relaxing effect of anticholinergics for enhanced and prolonged symptom relief during acute episodes.

Long-Term Control Medications

Taken daily to manage asthma and prevent symptoms:

Medication Type	Route	How It Works
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) Examples: Budesonide, Fluticasone	Inhaled	Reduce inflammation in the airway lining, decreasing swelling and mucus production, thereby improving airflow and reducing the airway's sensitivity to triggers.
Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABA) Examples: Salmeterol, Formoterol, Vilanterol	Inhaled	Provide prolonged relaxation of airway muscles by stimulating beta-adrenergic receptors, helping to maintain open airways and prevent nighttime or exercise-induced asthma symptoms.
Combination Inhalers	Inhaled	Combine the anti-inflammatory effects of ICS with the long-lasting airway-relaxing action of long-acting beta-agonists LABAs to provide comprehensive long-term asthma control and prevent symptoms.
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists Examples: Montelukast	Oral	Block the action of leukotrienes, inflammatory chemicals that cause airway constriction, inflammation, and mucus production, helping to prevent symptoms, especially in allergy-induced asthma.
Theophylline	Oral	Relaxes airway muscles by inhibiting enzymes that promote muscle constriction, while also reducing inflammation, making it effective for controlling chronic symptoms.
Oral Corticosteroids Examples: Prednisolone	Oral	Used for short periods to treat severe inflammation during asthma flare-ups or exacerbations by suppressing the immune system.
Biologics Examples: Omalizumab, Mepolizumab	Injectable	Target specific proteins in the immune system, such as IgE or interleukins, to reduce the underlying inflammation and hypersensitivity in severe asthma cases.

The choice of asthma medication is determined based on the severity of symptoms, frequency of attacks, and individual factors such as age, triggers, and comorbidities. Your doctor will assess these factors to create a personalised treatment plan that ensures optimal control while minimising side effects. Regular follow-up appointments are essential to address changes in symptoms and maintain effective management over time.

Potential Asthma Medication Side Effects

Asthma medications, while effective for managing symptoms, may sometimes cause side effects. Below are common side effects by medication type:

Medication Type	Common Side Effects
Short-Acting Beta-Agonists, Long-Acting Beta-Agonists	Rapid heartbeat, tremors, restlessness, headaches.
Anticholinergics	Dry mouth, cough, dizziness.
Inhaled Corticosteroids	Sore throat, hoarseness, oral thrush.
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists	Flu-like symptoms, nausea, headache, behavioural changes.
Theophylline	Nausea, insomnia, heart palpitations.
Oral Corticosteroids	Weight gain, mood changes, high blood pressure (with prolonged use).
Biologics	Injection site reactions, headache, fatigue.

Disclaimer: This is not a comprehensive list of all possible side effects, and actual effects may vary depending on the specific medication and individual response. This information is not meant to replace professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor regarding your treatment and to address any concerns about side effects or medication management.

Using Asthma Medications

Correct usage of asthma medication is important for effective management. Here are some tips:

Use Inhalers Correctly: Incorrect technique can reduce medication effectiveness. Seek guidance from your doctor on the proper technique, including timing your breaths and ensuring the medication reaches your lungs.
Adhere to Prescribed Doses: Taking more or less medication than prescribed can lead to poor asthma control or side effects. Always follow your doctor’s instructions.
Monitor Your Symptoms: Keep track of symptom frequency and severity to assess the effectiveness of your medication. Use an asthma diary or app to log symptoms and triggers.

Assortment of asthma inhalers and medication arranged on a blue background, essential tools for treating and managing respiratory conditions.

Lifestyle Adjustments to Support Asthma Management

In addition to medication, making thoughtful lifestyle changes can significantly improve asthma control and overall quality of life. Here are some strategies to consider:

Avoid Triggers: Minimise exposure to allergens, smoke, pollution, and other irritants. Consider allergy testing to identify specific triggers and implement measures such as using air purifiers, maintaining a clean living space, and avoiding outdoor activities during high pollen seasons.
Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and manage stress to support lung health and reduce symptoms. If exercise triggers your asthma, consult your doctor about using medication, such as a quick-relief inhaler, and opt for activities that are less likely to strain your airways.
Reduce or Quit Smoking: Smoking and exposure to second-hand smoke can worsen asthma by irritating the airways and reducing the effectiveness of asthma medications. Quitting smoking not only helps control asthma but also improves overall respiratory health and reduces the risk of complications.

Close-up of a person refusing a cigarette offer, illustrating asthma management by avoiding smoking and related triggers.

Cost of Asthma Medication

At ATA Medical, we provide medication to treat and manage asthma, with the prices as follows:

Treatment	Price*
Consultation	From $38.15
Asthma Medications	From $0.55
Asthma Inhalers	From $38.15

*Prices are NETT and inclusive of GST.

Where to Get Asthma Medication?

ATA Medical @ Orchard

Address: 1 Orchard Blvd, #05-09 Camden Medical Centre, Singapore 248649
Nearest MRT: Orchard Boulevard Station (TE13)
Contact Number: 6223 0682
Email: camden@atamed.sg
Opening Hours:
Mon - Fri: 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM, 1:30 PM to 5:30 PM
Sat: 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM
Sun & PH: Closed

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ATA Medical @ Tanjong Pagar

Address: 72 Anson Rd, #01-02 Anson House, Singapore 079911
Nearest MRT: Tanjong Pagar Station (EW15)
Contact Number: 6223 0682
Email: hi@atamed.sg
Opening Hours:
Mon - Fri: 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM, 1:30 PM to 5:30 PM
Sat: 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM
Sun & PH: Closed

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ATA Medical (Anson House)

Nearest MRT: EW15 Tanjong Pagar

ATA Medical (Camden Medical Centre)

Nearest MRT: TE13 Orchard Boulevard

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs), such as salbutamol (Ventolin), are widely used because they provide quick relief during asthma attacks by relaxing airway muscles, quickly alleviating symptoms like wheezing and shortness of breath. Their effectiveness and ease of use make them a common choice.

Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone, budesonide) are the primary drugs for long-term asthma control, as they effectively reduce airway inflammation and prevent symptoms. For quick relief during asthma attacks, short-acting beta-agonists (e.g., salbutamol) are commonly used to rapidly relax airway muscles.

The most effective treatment typically involves a combination of medication to reduce airway inflammation and maintain long-term control, alongside quick-relief inhalers to manage acute symptoms during attacks. Doctors personalise treatment plans based on the severity of the condition, individual triggers, and overall health needs, with regular reviews to ensure optimal management.

The two main types are quick-relief medications (e.g., short-acting beta-agonists) to relax airway muscles and provide immediate relief during attacks, and long-term control medications (e.g., inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta-agonists) to reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms over time.

Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs), such as salbutamol, provide quick relief via inhalation by relaxing the airway muscles and improving airflow almost immediately.

No, Ventolin is not a steroid. It is an inhaled short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) used for quick relief of asthma symptoms by relaxing airway muscles.

While no drink can immediately stop asthma, warm beverages like herbal tea or water with honey may help soothe irritated airways. However, effective asthma management requires medication for both quick relief and long-term control, as prescribed by your doctor.

There is no "miracle drug" for asthma. Effective management can involve a combination of quick-relief medications, such as short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) for immediate symptom relief, and long-term control medications, like inhaled corticosteroids, to reduce inflammation and prevent symptoms. In severe cases, biologics may also be used to target specific inflammatory pathways. It is always best to consult your doctor to determine the most suitable treatment for your condition.

Asthma triggers irritate the airways, causing inflammation and tightening, which lead to symptoms. Common triggers include allergens (dust mites, pollen, pet dander), respiratory infections, exercise, cold air, smoke, stress, and strong odours.

The most suitable asthma medication depends on factors such as symptom severity, triggers, age, and overall health. For long-term control, inhaled corticosteroids are commonly used, while short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) provide quick relief during attacks. It is best to consult your doctor to develop a personalised treatment plan for effective management.

Biologic therapies, such as omalizumab and mepolizumab, are among the latest treatments for severe asthma. These medications target specific inflammatory pathways, like IgE or interleukins, to reduce airway inflammation and hypersensitivity. They are typically used in individuals whose asthma remains uncontrolled despite standard treatments, offering a more targeted approach to managing the condition.

An asthma cough can often be controlled with quick-relief inhalers (e.g., salbutamol), which help relax the airway muscles and reduce symptoms. Identifying and avoiding triggers, such as allergens or irritants, can also minimise coughing. If the cough persists or worsens, consult your doctor to evaluate your condition and adjust your long-term treatment plan if necessary.

The most suitable medication for asthma depends on individual factors such as symptom severity, triggers, and overall health. Inhaled corticosteroids are highly effective for long-term control, reducing airway inflammation and preventing symptoms, while short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) provide quick relief during attacks. It is best to consult your doctor to determine the most appropriate approach to manage your condition.

Typically, 1-2 puffs of Ventolin are recommended for quick relief, up to 4-6 times a day as needed. Always follow your doctor's guidance on usage. If you find yourself needing it more frequently, this may indicate poor asthma control, and you should consult your doctor for a reassessment of your treatment plan.

If you don’t have an inhaler during an attack, sit upright, take slow breaths, and try to stay calm. Avoid triggers and seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist.

At ATA Medical, we offer a variety of asthma inhalers to suit different needs. For quick relief during asthma attacks, we provide the Ventolin Inhaler at $38.15. For long-term control, options include Relvar Ellipta at $94.83, Symbicort Turbuhaler at $67.58, and Symbicort Rapihaler at $49.05. All prices are NETT and inclusive of GST, excluding consultation fees.