Dengue Blood Test
A dengue blood test is used to diagnose dengue fever, a viral infection caused by the dengue virus. There are four dengue serotypes (DENV 1 to 4) circulating in Singapore, and they are transmitted primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. From January to July 2024, there have been over 10,000 dengue cases in Singapore, surpassing the figure for the whole of 2023, underscoring the need to be vigilant of the signs and symptoms.
Symptoms of Dengue Fever
Symptoms of dengue fever generally appear 4 to 7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito:
- Sudden high fever for 2 to 7 days
- Severe headache, with pain behind the eye
- Pain in joints and muscles
- Nausea and vomiting
- Rashes
- Mild bleeding such as from the nose or gums, or easy bruising of the skin
Severe Dengue
Severe dengue, such as dengue haemorrhagic fever or dengue shock syndrome, can develop in rare cases and lead to serious complications that can be life-threatening. Warning signs of severe dengue can appear 3 to 7 days after the initial onset of symptoms, once the fever has subsided. These include:
- Frequent vomiting
- Blood in gums, nose, vomit and stool (or black stool)
- Severe abdominal pain
- Fluid accumulation in chest and abdomen
- Lethargy and restlessness
If you are experiencing such symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention urgently. Early medical intervention can prevent the progression to severe dengue and reduce the risk of complications.
Types of Dengue Blood Tests
Diagnosing dengue involves laboratory tests on a person’s blood sample to detect different components of the virus (antigen) or the body's immune response to it (antibody):
NS1 Antigen Test
The NS1 antigen test is one of the most common tests for dengue in Singapore. It detects the non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen of the dengue virus, which is present in the blood usually during the early stages of the infection. As such, it is used particularly within the first week of symptom onset and provides rapid results, aiding in early diagnosis and management.
IgM & IgG Antibodies Tests
These tests detect antibodies produced by the immune system to fight the dengue infection. IgM antibodies typically appear within 5 days after symptom onset and indicate recent infection, while IgG antibodies develop later and can persist for months and years, indicating past infection. These tests are useful for confirming dengue, especially in the later stages of the disease.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
While not a primary diagnostic tool for dengue, the ESR test can help assess the extent of inflammation in the body. Elevated ESR levels can support the diagnosis in the context of other tests for dengue but are not definitive on their own.
Dengue Rapid Test
The dengue rapid test uses immunochromatographic techniques to detect the presence of dengue antigens (such as NS1) or antibodies (IgM and IgG) in a person's blood. Results are available in about 15 to 20 minutes, providing a quick and convenient method for initial dengue screening.
Dengue Blood Test Price in Singapore
At ATA Medical, testing for dengue requires a blood sample which typically takes less than 30 minutes to provide at our clinics. Our prices are listed as follows:
| Test | Price* |
|---|---|
| Consultation | $38.15 |
| DEN1 (Full Blood Count, ESR, NS1 Antigen, IgG & IgM Antibodies) | $87.20 |
| DEN2 (NS1 Antigen, IgG & IgM Antibodies) | $76.30 |
| DEN3 (Full Blood Count, ESR, NS1 Antigen, IgG & IgM Antibodies) | $82.84 |
| Dengue Duo Kit (NS1 Antigen, IgG & IgM Antibodies) - Rapid Test | $59.95 |
Treatment for Dengue Fever
There is no specific antiviral treatment for dengue fever, but early and supportive care can greatly improve outcomes. The primary focus is on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This can include:
- Hydration: Maintaining adequate fluids is crucial to prevent dehydration, which can worsen the illness.
- Medication: Paracetamol can help manage fever and pain. Avoid medications like aspirin or ibuprofen, which can increase the risk of bleeding.
- Rest: Getting sufficient rest allows the body to recover.
- Monitoring Vital Signs: Regularly monitoring temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate helps your doctor assess the severity of the illness.
In more severe dengue cases, intravenous (IV) fluid replacement and blood transfusion might be required. Please consult a doctor for medical advice on how to manage your symptoms appropriately.
Summary
Early and accurate diagnosis of dengue fever is vital for effective management of the disease. Various tests such as the NS1 antigen test, PCR test, and IgM/IgG antibody tests are widely used to ensure timely and accurate detection of the virus, helping to mitigate the impact of this potentially severe disease. If you suspect you have dengue or are experiencing symptoms, especially if you have been in a dengue-endemic area, consult a doctor and get tested as soon as possible.
How Do I Make an Appointment?
ATA Medical @ Orchard
Nearest MRT: Orchard Boulevard Station (TE13)
Contact Number: 6322 7331
Email: camden@atamed.sg
Opening Hours:
Mon - Fri: 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM, 1:30 PM to 5:30 PM
Sat: 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM
Sun & PH: Closed
ATA Medical @ Tanjong Pagar
Nearest MRT: Tanjong Pagar Station (EW15)
Contact Number: 6223 0682
Email: hi@atamed.sg
Opening Hours:
Mon - Fri: 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM, 1:30 PM to 5:30 PM
Sat: 8:30 AM to 12:30 PM
Sun & PH: Closed