Anti-Diarrhoeal Medication

Authored By: Dr. Leonard Leng.
Last updated: Jan 13, 2025.

Anti-diarrhoeals are medications designed to alleviate the symptoms of diarrhoea, a common condition characterised by loose, watery stools and an increased frequency of bowel movements. Diarrhoea can cause significant discomfort and fatigue, and persistent cases may disrupt daily life. Anti-diarrhoeal medications can provide much-needed relief, helping you resume normal routines and prevent complications like dehydration.

Diarrhoea can result from a variety of factors, including:

• Infections: Viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections, such as those caused by norovirus, E. coli, or Giardia, are common triggers.
• Dietary Factors: Consuming contaminated food or water, food intolerances (e.g., lactose intolerance), or exposure to unfamiliar bacteria or parasites while travelling can irritate the digestive system.
• Medications: Certain antibiotics, laxatives, and cancer treatments may disrupt gut bacteria or irritate the intestinal lining.
• Chronic Conditions: Disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or coeliac disease can lead to recurring diarrhoea.
• Stress: High levels of stress or anxiety may disrupt normal bowel function, causing diarrhoea.

In most cases, diarrhoea resolves naturally within a few days without medical treatment. For persistent or severe cases, anti-diarrhoeal medications may help manage the condition by slowing bowel movements, giving the intestines more time to absorb water and nutrients, or firming stool consistency to reduce urgency and discomfort. Some medications also address underlying factors, such as gut inflammation or imbalances in healthy bacteria. These medications are available over-the-counter (OTC) or by prescription, depending on the severity and underlying cause.

Anti-diarrhoeal medications are typically suitable for managing mild to moderate diarrhoea caused by non-infectious factors. These medications are available in various forms, including tablets, capsules, liquids, and powders, depending on the specific type and use case. Below is an overview of commonly used options:

Disclaimer: This information is for general knowledge only and does not replace medical advice. Medications may have specific usage instructions, so it is important to follow them carefully. If unsure, always consult a doctor for proper diagnosis, treatment, and guidance on medication use.

• Stay Hydrated: Diarrhoea can lead to significant fluid loss. Maintaining adequate hydration is essential to replenish lost fluids and electrolytes.
• Eat Plain Food: Opt for plain, easily digestible foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast (BRAT diet) to ease digestion and support recovery. Avoid spicy, fatty, or dairy-rich foods that may worsen symptoms.
• Consult a Doctor: If you have chronic diarrhoea, a weakened immune system, or other medical conditions, seek professional advice before using anti-diarrhoeal medications.

While most cases of diarrhoea are mild and resolve within a few days, you should seek medical attention if you experience:

• Persistent diarrhoea for more than 72 hours, even with medication.
• Signs of dehydration, such as dry mouth, sunken eyes, or reduced urination.
• Fever
• Blood or mucus in the stool.
• Diarrhoea following recent travel, especially to high-risk regions for infections.

At ATA Medical, we provide consultations and medications to manage diarrhoea, as well as tests for other digestive and gastrointestinal issues.

If you are travelling, consider getting vaccinated for cholera, E. coli, or other relevant travel-related diseases. If you are unsure, consult a doctor to determine the vaccinations most appropriate for your destination.