Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Singapore: Signs & Treatment (2025)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Singapore

What Is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal condition that affects how the ovaries function, often leading to symptoms such as irregular periods, elevated androgen levels, and the appearance of polycystic ovaries.

It typically affects women of reproductive age and may have implications for fertility, metabolic health, and long-term hormonal balance.

The term "polycystic" refers to the presence of multiple small fluid-filled sacs, or follicles, in the ovaries. However, not all individuals with PCOS have visible ovarian cysts.

PCOS is a chronic condition without a definitive cure, but its symptoms can often be managed with a combination of lifestyle changes and medical treatment. Ongoing follow-up with your doctor is important to monitor symptoms, adjust your care plan, and support a better quality of life.

Artistic uterus illustration with flowers representing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) awareness.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Causes

PCOS arises from a complex interaction of hormonal imbalances and genetic factors, with common contributing mechanisms including insulin resistance, elevated androgen levels, and low-grade inflammation.

  • Elevated androgens – These hormones, often referred to as "male hormones," are present in small amounts in all women but can become abnormally high in PCOS, disrupting ovulation and contributing to symptoms.
  • Insulin resistanceReduced sensitivity to insulin, even in individuals without diabetes, can cause higher insulin levels, which may trigger increased androgen production.
  • Low-grade inflammation – Some individuals may have persistent low-level inflammation that affects hormone regulation and may contribute to the condition.
  • Genetics – PCOS often runs in families, suggesting that inherited factors may play a role in its development.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms

PCOS symptoms can differ from person to person but commonly include menstrual irregularities, excess hair growth, acne, and weight-related changes. Some individuals may also experience difficulties with ovulation and fertility.

Not everyone with PCOS will experience all of these symptoms. Some individuals may only present with one or two signs, which can make diagnosis less straightforward.

Calendar with missed periods and menstrual pad representing irregular or absent periods due to PCOS.

What Are the Possible Complications?

If not properly managed, PCOS can increase the risk of long-term health complications, including metabolic, cardiovascular, hormonal, and psychological conditions.

  • Type 2 diabetes or prediabetes – Insulin resistance, a common feature of PCOS, can impair the body’s ability to regulate blood sugar, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes over time.
  • Depression and anxiety – Hormonal fluctuations, persistent symptoms like acne or weight gain, and challenges with fertility can contribute to mood disturbances and reduced mental well-being.
  • High blood pressure and cholesterol – Insulin resistance and weight gain associated with PCOS can affect blood pressure regulation and lipid levels, raising cardiovascular risk.
  • Sleep apnoea – More common in individuals with obesity and PCOS, possibly due to hormonal and metabolic factors that influence airway function during sleep.
  • Endometrial hyperplasia or cancer – Irregular or absent ovulation can lead to prolonged exposure of the uterine lining to oestrogen without progesterone, increasing the risk of abnormal thickening or cancer.

Early diagnosis and consistent management are important for reducing the likelihood of these complications and supporting long-term health.

Young Asian woman holding head in distress representing emotional and hormonal effects of PCOS.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Diagnosis

PCOS is diagnosed based on a combination of clinical symptoms, blood tests, and imaging, such as a pelvic ultrasound. A diagnosis is generally considered when at least two of the following features are present:

  1. Irregular or absent ovulation
  2. Elevated androgen levels (either based on symptoms or blood test results)
  3. Polycystic ovaries visible on an ultrasound scan

Other conditions that can present with similar symptoms, such as thyroid disorders or elevated prolactin levels (hyperprolactinaemia), are typically ruled out before confirming a diagnosis of PCOS.

Doctor explaining ultrasound results to female patient highlighting PCOS symptoms and complications.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment & Management

Treatment for PCOS is tailored to the individual's symptoms, health goals, and whether fertility is a concern. It typically involves lifestyle changes, medications, and sometimes hormonal therapy.

Treatment Description & Purpose
Medication
Oral Contraceptives Used to regulate menstrual cycles and lower androgen levels, helping with symptoms like irregular periods and acne.
Anti-androgen Medications Helps reduce symptoms such as excess facial or body hair and acne by blocking the effects of androgens.
Insulin-sensitising Medication Improves the body's response to insulin, reducing insulin resistance and supporting ovulation. A commonly used example is metformin.
Ovulation-Inducing Medications Used to stimulate ovulation in individuals with irregular cycles due to PCOS, with or without the goal of pregnancy.
Lifestyle Modification
Healthy Eating Involves a balanced diet with low glycaemic index foods to support weight management and reduce insulin resistance.
Regular Exercise Enhances insulin sensitivity and supports healthy weight, which may help restore ovulation and improve symptoms.
Weight Management Achieving modest weight loss (5–10%) can help regulate menstrual cycles and restore ovulation.
Fertility Support
Ovulation Induction Use of ovulation-inducing medications specifically to support conception when natural ovulation is absent or irregular.
Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) Involves the use of medication to stimulate the ovaries to develop and release eggs, aiming to restore ovulation in individuals with irregular or absent menstrual cycles due to PCOS.
Assisted Reproductive Techniques Advanced treatments like IVF that assist with fertilisation, recommended when other fertility methods are unsuccessful.

PCOS Test & Treatment Cost

At ATA Medical, we provide diagnostic tests, oral treatments, and personalised medical guidance for managing PCOS. Our prices as follows:

Test / Treatment Price*
Consultation From $38.15
Hormone Tests
Amenorrhoea (Hormone) Profile 3
Testosterone, Estradiol (E2), Free T4, Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinising Hormone (LH), Prolactin

This test is recommended for individuals with irregular menstrual bleeding and should be conducted between days 2 to 5 of the menstrual cycle for optimal results.
$130.80
Female Acne / Weight Gain Screen**
Testosterone, Estradiol, Progesterone, TSH, Cortisol, FSH, LH, Prolactin, DHEAS, SHBG

This test is recommended for individuals with suspected hormonal acne and should be conducted between days 2 to 5 of the menstrual cycle for optimal results.
$218
Ultrasound
Ultrasound Pelvis (Transabdominal) $207.10
Ultrasound Pelvis (Transvaginal) $207.10
Treatment
Oral Contraceptive Pill / Birth Control Pill $43.60 (per box of 40 tablets)
Insulin-sensitising Medication From $0.20 per tab
Appetite Suppressants From $200
Weight Loss Injections $422.92 / box**
*Prices are NETT and inclusive of GST.
**One box contains 3 vials and each vial can last 6 days at maximum dose.

When Should You See a Doctor for PCOS?

You should consult a doctor if you notice symptoms that may indicate PCOS, such as:

  • Irregular or missed periods
  • Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism)
  • Persistent acne or oily skin
  • Thinning hair or scalp hair loss
  • Difficulty conceiving
  • Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight

Early assessment can support symptom management and reduce the risk of future complications.

Why Choose ATA Medical?

ATA Medical – One-Stop Health Screening Clinic With X-ray, CT Scan, Mammogram and Ultrasound scans.
ATA Medical – One-Stop Health Screening Clinic With X-ray, CT Scan, Mammogram and Ultrasound scans.
ATA Medical Orchard Clinic with Health Screening Nurses and Staff
Orchard Clinic
ATA Medical Tanjong Pagar Clinic with Health Screening Nurses and Staff
Tanjong Pagar Clinic
Patient having a health screening review with Dr Jana Lim of ATA Medical
Health Screening Review with Dr Jana Lim
Female patient undergoing ultrasound scan procedure at ATA Medical Clinic.
Mammograms & Ultrasound Scans with Female Staff
Female patient getting ready to undergo X-Ray procedure with a male staff assisting with the preparations.
One-Stop Clinic with X-Ray Facilities
Dr Leonard Leng of ATA Medical having a consultation session with a male patient.
Consultation About Men or Female Health With a Doctor of Your Choice

Making a Difference Together

At ATA Medical, we strive to make a meaningful impact on every patient's health. With over 120,000 patients served, we are dedicated to fostering trust and enhancing well-being across our community.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese is 多囊卵巢综合症 (Duōnáng luǎncháo zònghé zhèng). It describes a hormonal condition that affects ovarian function, leading to issues such as irregular periods, excess androgens, and potential fertility challenges. The term literally translates to “polycystic ovary syndrome,” referencing the characteristic appearance of the ovaries, though not all affected individuals have visible cysts.
Yes, many individuals with PCOS can get pregnant, though they may face difficulties due to irregular ovulation. Fertility may be supported through lifestyle changes, ovulation-inducing medications, or assisted reproductive methods such as IUI or IVF. Consulting a doctor or gynaecologist can help determine the most suitable approach based on your ovulatory patterns, hormone levels, and overall health profile.
The first signs of PCOS often include irregular or missed periods, acne, excess facial or body hair, and weight gain. These symptoms are typically related to hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated androgen levels or disrupted ovulation. As symptoms can vary, early consultation with a doctor is advisable for appropriate evaluation and management if you are experiencing symptoms or suspect PCOS.
Signs of PCOS may include irregular periods, persistent acne, excess facial or body hair, or unexplained weight changes. These symptoms can indicate hormonal imbalances linked to PCOS, but they also occur in other conditions. If you are experiencing these symptoms or suspect PCOS, consulting a doctor is important for proper diagnosis through clinical evaluation, hormone tests, and ultrasound imaging.
There is currently no permanent cure for PCOS, but symptoms can often be effectively managed. Treatment focuses on hormonal regulation, metabolic health, and fertility support through lifestyle modifications and medication. Long-term management aims to reduce complications and improve quality of life. It is best to consult a doctor for an individualised care plan.
PCOS does not typically cause painful periods, as its hallmark features are irregular or absent periods rather than menstrual pain. However, some individuals with PCOS may also have other conditions like endometriosis that can contribute to period discomfort. If you are regularly experiencing significant menstrual pain, it is advisable to consult a doctor to assess for possible coexisting conditions.
Yes, you can eat bananas if you have PCOS, but moderation is important due to their natural sugar content. Bananas provide fibre and essential nutrients, and they can be part of a balanced, low glycaemic index diet when portion-controlled. Consulting a dietitian or doctor can help tailor dietary choices to support PCOS management.
Yes, fish oil may be beneficial for individuals with PCOS as it contains omega-3 fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties and may support metabolic health. However, individual responses can vary, and it is advisable to consult a doctor before starting any supplement as part of your PCOS management plan.
PCOS is a hormonal condition that affects how the ovaries work, often involving irregular ovulation, high androgen levels, and multiple small follicles. Ovarian cysts, on the other hand, are fluid-filled sacs that can develop for various reasons and may occur without any hormonal imbalance.
PCOS does not commonly cause nausea directly, but nausea may occur due to medications like metformin, hormonal changes, or related conditions. Some individuals undergoing fertility treatments or experiencing gastrointestinal side effects from medication may report nausea. If you have ongoing nausea, especially while being treated for PCOS, it is advisable to consult a doctor to assess the underlying cause and adjust your treatment if necessary.
PCOS often begins during adolescence, typically around the time of a girl’s first period, but it can also be diagnosed later in reproductive years. Symptoms may become more noticeable when menstrual irregularities, acne, or weight changes emerge.
Ovulation in individuals with PCOS usually lasts 12 to 24 hours, similar to those without PCOS, but it may occur unpredictably or less frequently. Many with PCOS experience irregular or absent ovulation, which can affect fertility and cycle tracking. If you are trying to conceive or monitor your cycle, consulting a doctor or gynaecologist can help determine your ovulation patterns and support appropriate management.
Yes, you can ask your doctor to test you for PCOS in Singapore. At ATA Medical, we provide clinical assessments, hormone blood tests, and pelvic ultrasounds to support diagnosis, and we also offer treatment tailored to your needs. Contact us to learn more about available testing and management options.
Ignoring PCOS may increase the risk of long-term complications such as type 2 diabetes, infertility, high blood pressure, and endometrial cancer. Symptoms like irregular periods, weight gain, and acne can also worsen over time. Even if symptoms seem manageable, PCOS is a chronic condition that requires monitoring. It is advisable to consult a doctor for early diagnosis and to explore appropriate treatment options to support long-term health.
Yes, some individuals with PCOS manage their symptoms through lifestyle changes such as diet, exercise, and weight management, especially if fertility is not a concern. However, others may require medication to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce androgen levels, or support ovulation. Consulting a doctor or gynaecologist can help determine whether medication is needed based on your specific symptoms and health goals.
Conditions that are commonly mistaken for PCOS include hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinaemia, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and Cushing’s syndrome. These can share symptoms like irregular periods, acne, or excess hair growth. Blood tests such as TSH, prolactin, and cortisol levels help differentiate these conditions from PCOS.
No, a PAP smear cannot check for PCOS. It is used to screen for cervical cancer, not hormonal or ovarian conditions. PCOS is diagnosed through clinical evaluation, hormone blood tests (e.g. testosterone, LH, FSH), and pelvic ultrasound to detect features such as enlarged ovaries with multiple small follicles.
PCOS symptoms may change with age, but they do not necessarily get worse. Menstrual cycles can become more regular over time, while risks of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular issues may increase. Long-term management through lifestyle modification, medical treatment, and regular follow-up with a doctor can help reduce complications and support overall health.
PCOS results from a combination of genetic, hormonal, and possibly environmental factors. Contributing mechanisms include insulin resistance, elevated androgens, and low-grade inflammation. While the exact cause is unknown, a family history of PCOS may increase your risk.
There is no single hidden cause of PCOS, but underlying factors may include genetic predisposition, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances. These can interact in complex ways to disrupt ovulation and affect reproductive and metabolic health.